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172 lines
6.4 KiB
Text
172 lines
6.4 KiB
Text
= SysVinit to Systemd Cheatsheet
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'''
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[IMPORTANT]
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======
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This page was automatically converted from https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/SysVinit_to_Systemd_Cheatsheet
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It is probably
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* Badly formatted
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* Missing graphics and tables that do not covert well from mediawiki
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* Out-of-date
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* In need of other love
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Please fix it, remove this notice, and then add to `_topic_map.yml`
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Pull requests accepted at https://pagure.io/fedora-docs/fedora-howto
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Once that is live, go to the original wiki page and add an `{{old}}`
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tag, followed by a note like
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....
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{{admon/note|This page has a new home!|
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This wiki page is no longer maintained. Please find the up-to-date
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version at: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/whatever-the-url
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}}
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....
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======
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'''
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This is a document to help system administrators who need to understand
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what commands in systemd replace their old workflow in sysvinit. If you
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want general information on systemd, refer to systemd.
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[[services]]
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Services
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~~~~~~~~
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Note that all recent versions of systemctl assume the '.service' if left
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off. So, 'systemctl start frobozz.service' is the same as 'systemctl
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start frobozz'
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[cols=",,",options="header",]
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|=======================================================================
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|Sysvinit Command |Systemd Command |Notes
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|service frobozz start |systemctl start frobozz |Used to start a service
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(not reboot persistent)
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|service frobozz stop |systemctl stop frobozz |Used to stop a service
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(not reboot persistent)
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|service frobozz restart |systemctl restart frobozz |Used to stop and
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then start a service
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|service frobozz reload |systemctl reload frobozz |When supported,
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reloads the config file without interrupting pending operations.
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|service frobozz condrestart |systemctl condrestart frobozz |Restarts if
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the service is already running.
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|service frobozz status |systemctl status frobozz |Tells whether a
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service is currently running.
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|ls /etc/rc.d/init.d/ |systemctl (or) systemctl list-unit-files
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--type=service (or) +
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ls /lib/systemd/system/*.service /etc/systemd/system/*.service |Used to
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list the services that can be started or stopped +
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Used to list all the services and other units
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|chkconfig frobozz on |systemctl enable frobozz |Turn the service on,
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for start at next boot, or other trigger.
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|chkconfig frobozz off |systemctl disable frobozz |Turn the service off
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for the next reboot, or any other trigger.
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|chkconfig frobozz |systemctl is-enabled frobozz |Used to check whether
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a service is configured to start or not in the current environment.
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|chkconfig --list |systemctl list-unit-files --type=service (or) ls
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/etc/systemd/system/*.wants/ |Print a table of services that lists which
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runlevels each is configured on or off
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|chkconfig --list | grep 5:on |systemctl list-dependencies
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graphical.target |Print a table of services that will be started when
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booting into graphical mode
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|chkconfig frobozz --list |ls
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/etc/systemd/system/*.wants/frobozz.service |Used to list what levels
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this service is configured on or off
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|chkconfig frobozz --add |systemctl daemon-reload |Used when you create
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a new service file or modify any configuration
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|=======================================================================
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Note that all /sbin/service and /sbin/chkconfig lines listed above
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continue to work on systemd, and will be translated to native
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equivalents as necessary. The only exception is chkconfig --list.
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[[runlevelstargets]]
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Runlevels/targets
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Systemd has a concept of _targets_ which serve a similar purpose as
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runlevels but act a little different. Each _target_ is named instead of
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numbered and is intended to serve a specific purpose. Some _targets_ are
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implemented by inheriting all of the services of another _target_ and
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adding additional services to it. There are systemd __target__s that
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mimic the common sysvinit runlevels so you can still switch __target__s
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using the familiar `telinit RUNLEVEL` command. The runlevels that are
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assigned a specific purpose on vanilla Fedora installs; 0, 1, 3, 5, and
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6; have a 1:1 mapping with a specific systemd _target_. Unfortunately,
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there's no good way to do the same for the user-defined runlevels like 2
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and 4. If you make use of those it is suggested that you make a new
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named systemd _target_ as `/etc/systemd/system/$YOURTARGET` that takes
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one of the existing runlevels as a base (you can look at
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`/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target` as an example), make a directory
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`/etc/systemd/system/$YOURTARGET.wants`, and then symlink the additional
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services that you want to enable into that directory. (The service unit
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files that you symlink live in `/lib/systemd/system`).
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[cols=",,",options="header",]
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|=======================================================================
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|Sysvinit Runlevel |Systemd Target |Notes
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|0 |runlevel0.target, poweroff.target |Halt the system.
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|1, s, single |runlevel1.target, rescue.target |Single user mode.
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|2, 4 |runlevel2.target, runlevel4.target, multi-user.target
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|User-defined/Site-specific runlevels. By default, identical to 3.
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|3 |runlevel3.target, multi-user.target |Multi-user, non-graphical.
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Users can usually login via multiple consoles or via the network.
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|5 |runlevel5.target, graphical.target |Multi-user, graphical. Usually
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has all the services of runlevel 3 plus a graphical login.
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|6 |runlevel6.target, reboot.target |Reboot
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|emergency |emergency.target |Emergency shell
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|=======================================================================
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Changing runlevels:
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[cols=",,",options="header",]
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|=======================================================================
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|Sysvinit Command |Systemd Command |Notes
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|telinit 3 |systemctl isolate multi-user.target (OR systemctl isolate
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runlevel3.target OR telinit 3) |Change to multi-user run level.
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|sed s/^id:.*:initdefault:/id:3:initdefault:/ |ln -sf
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/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
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|Set to use multi-user runlevel on next reboot.
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|=======================================================================
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Kernel Options:
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The above systemd targets can be used when booting. At the GRUB menu,
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edit the selection to add "systemd.unit=__target__" (without the
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double-quotation marks) as a kernel option where _target_ is one of the
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above. (For example, "rescue.target".)
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Tip: the ".target" extention is optional. The "systemd.unit=rescue"
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kernel option works the same as "systemd.unit=rescue.target".
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'''
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See a typo, something missing or out of date, or anything else which can be
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improved? Edit this document at https://pagure.io/fedora-docs/fedora-howto.
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