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155 lines
5.1 KiB
Text
155 lines
5.1 KiB
Text
= Using the DNF software package manager
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Weverton do Couto Timoteo; JetStream ; The Fedora Docs team
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:revnumber: F37
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:revdate: 2022-10-05
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:category: Administration
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:tags: How-to DNF
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// Optional free form useful additional information as comment
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[abstract]
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DNF is a software package manager that installs, updates, and removes packages on Fedora and is the successor to YUM (Yellow-Dog Updater Modified).
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DNF makes it easy to maintain packages by automatically checking for dependencies and determines the actions required to install packages.
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This method eliminates the need to manually install or update the package, and its dependencies, using the `rpm` command.
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DNF is now the default software package management tool in Fedora.
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[[sect-usage]]
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== Usage
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`dnf` can be used exactly as `yum` to search, install or remove packages.
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To search the repositories for a package type:
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----
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# dnf search packagename
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----
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To install the package:
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----
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# dnf install packagename
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----
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To remove a package:
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----
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# dnf remove packagename
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----
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Other common DNF commands include:
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* `autoremove` - removes packages installed as dependencies that are no longer required by currently installed programs.
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* `check-update` - checks for updates, but does not download or install the packages.
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* `downgrade` - reverts to the previous version of a package.
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* `info` - provides basic information about the package including name, version, release, and description.
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* `reinstall` - reinstalls the currently installed package.
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* `upgrade` - checks the repositories for newer packages and updates them.
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* `exclude` - exclude a package from the transaction.
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For more DNF commands refer to the man pages by typing `man dnf` at the command-line, or link:https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/command_ref.html[DNF Read The Docs]
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[[sect-automatic-updates]]
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== Automatic Updates
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The `dnf-automatic` package is a component that allows automatic download and installation of updates.
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It can automatically monitor and report, via e-mail, the availability of updates or send a log about downloaded packages and installed updates.
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For more information, refer to the link:https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/automatic.html[Read the Docs: DNF-Automatic] page.
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[[sect-system-upgrades]]
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== System Upgrades
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The Fedora system can be upgraded directly with DNF, or with the DNF system upgrade plugin.
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Refer to the xref:dnf-system-upgrade.adoc[DNF System Upgrade] document for more details.
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[[sect-language-support-using-dnf]]
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== Language Support Using DNF
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DNF can be used to install or remove Language Support.
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A detailed description with a list of available languages can be found on link:https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/I18N/Language_Support_Using_Dnf[Language Support Using Dnf] page.
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[[sect-plugins]]
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== Plugins
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The core DNF functionality can be extended with plugins.
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There are officially supported https://dnf-plugins-core.readthedocs.io[Core DNF plugins]
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and also third-party https://dnf-plugins-extras.readthedocs.io[Extras DNF Plugins].
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To install them, run
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----
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# dnf install dnf-plugins-core-PLUGIN_NAME
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----
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or
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----
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# dnf install dnf-plugins-extras-PLUGIN_NAME
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----
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[[exclude-package]]
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== Excluding Packages From Transactions
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Sometimes it is useful to ignore specific packages from transactions, such as updates.
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One such case, for example, could be when an update includes a regression or a bug.
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DNF allows you to exclude a package from the transaction:
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* using the command line
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----
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sudo dnf upgrade --exclude=packagename
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----
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* using its configuration files
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You can add a line to `/etc/dnf/dnf.conf` to exclude packages:
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----
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excludepkgs=packagename
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----
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This can also be added to the specific repository configuration files in `/etc/yum.repos.d/`.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glob_(programming)[Globs] may be used here to list multiple packages, and each specification must be separated by a comma.
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If you have used this configuration, you can disable it in individual DNF commands using using the `--disableexcludes` command line switch.
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If you use a GUI update application which does not allow you to specify packages to exclude when they run, this method can be used.
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[[sect-using-dnf-plugin]]
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=== Using the DNF Versionlock plugin
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You can also use the DNF `versionlock` plugin to limit the packages that are included in a transaction.
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It allows you to list what versions of particular packages should be considered in a transaction.
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All other versions of the specified packages will be ignored.
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The plugin is part of `dnf-plugins-core` package and can be installed using the command below:
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----
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sudo dnf install 'dnf-command(versionlock)'
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----
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To lock the currently installed version of a package, use:
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----
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sudo dnf versionlock add package
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----
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To remove the version lock, use:
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----
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sudo dnf versionlock delete package
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----
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The `list` command can be used to list all locked packages, while the `clear` command will delete all locked entries.
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[[sect-references]]
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== References
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. https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/command_ref.html[DNF Command Reference]
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. https://github.com/rpm-software-management/dnf/wiki[DNF wiki]
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. https://dnf-plugins-core.readthedocs.io/en/latest/versionlock.html[DNF VersionLock]
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