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286 lines
13 KiB
Text
= Red Hat Enterprise Linux
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'''
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[IMPORTANT]
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======
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This page was automatically converted from https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux
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It is probably
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* Badly formatted
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* Missing graphics and tables that do not convert well from mediawiki
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* Out-of-date
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* In need of other love
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Please fix it, remove this notice, and then add to `_topic_map.yml`
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Pull requests accepted at https://pagure.io/fedora-docs/quick-docs
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Once that is live, go to the original wiki page and add an `{{old}}`
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tag, followed by a note like
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....
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{{admon/note|This page has a new home!|
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This wiki page is no longer maintained. Please find the up-to-date
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version at: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/whatever-the-url
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}}
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....
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======
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'''
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*Red Hat Enterprise Linux* (or RHEL) is a commercially supported
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derivative of Fedora tailored to meet the requirements of enterprise
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customers. It is a commercial product from Red Hat which also sponsors
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Fedora as a community project. Fedora is upstream for Red Hat Enterprise
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Linux but there are several other link:Derived_distributions[Derived
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distributions] available too.
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[[whats-the-difference-between-fedora-and-red-hat-enterprise-linux]]
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What's the difference between Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Watch a video from
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http://www.redhatmagazine.com/2008/09/16/video-the-history-of-fedora/[Red
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Hat Magazine].
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Both Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux are open source. Fedora is a
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free distribution and community project and upstream for Red Hat
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Enterprise Linux. Fedora is a general purpose system that gives Red Hat
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and the rest of its contributor community the chance to innovate rapidly
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with new technologies. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a commercial
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enterprise operating system and has its own set of test phases including
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alpha and beta releases which are separate and distinct from Fedora
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development.
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The cost of Red Hat Enterprise Linux comes from the subscription, which
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provides assorted certifications and support for additional
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architectures, as well as 7 years and more of enterprise support. Red
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Hat also enhances its Red Hat Enterprise Linux offerings with additional
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software and with certification programs.
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More information on the release history and lineage is available at
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link:History_of_Red_Hat_Linux[History of Red Hat Linux].
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When you purchase Red Hat Enterprise Linux, you are also helping to
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support Fedora. Since Red Hat sponsors Fedora, what is good for Red Hat
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is usually good for Fedora. The major differences are:
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* Support and associated services: Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a
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commercially supported product by Red Hat and provides service level
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agreements that is important for enterprise customers. This support
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involves both product assistance (hand holding) as well as
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prioritization of bug fixes and feature requests, certified hardware and
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software among other things. Fedora is supported by a wide community of
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developers and users but it is not commercially supported by Red Hat.
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Red Hat does http://fedoraproject.org/sponsors[sponsor] a large number
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of resources and link:Accounting[ funds] to the Fedora project including
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engineering, marketing and other services.
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* link:LifeCycle[Lifecycle]: A new version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux
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comes out every few years and is supported for up to 10 years and can
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even be
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http://www.redhat.com/rhel/server/extended_lifecycle_support/[extended]
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to 13 years or more with additional subscriptions. New Fedora releases
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are available about every six months and every release gets updates for
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about 13 months.
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* Software Packages: Software in Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a limited
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subset of Fedora and has about 4000 binary packages (RHEL 6). These are
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the ones enterprise customers demand and are supported by Red Hat.
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Fedora offers a wide range of software packages and the latest release
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has well over 25000 unique (not counting updates in Fedora 15) binary
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software packages available in the repository.
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* Software Updates: Post release updates of software in Red Hat
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Enterprise Linux are usually limited to backported security and bug
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fixes, although enhancements are also offered usually via the major
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scheduled updates. Red Hat also offers
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http://www.press.redhat.com/2008/12/18/red-hat-increases-service-levels-and-reduces-costs-for-customers-with-extended-update-support/[extended
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update support] for customers wishing to stick to a single point release
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for a longer amount of time. Red Hat also aims to provide ABI
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compatibility within a release, whereas this is not guaranteed by the
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Fedora Project. Fedora software packages and updates are close to
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link:Staying_close_to_upstream_projects[ upstream] and include new
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features routinely.
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* New Releases: Subscriptions are for a specified time period and not
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for a particular release. So you can move to any currently supported
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release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux including new versions of RHEL
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Red Hat has a page explaining the benefits of the
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https://www.redhat.com/rhel/benefits/[subscription] in more detail. It
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also provides https://www.redhat.com/software/rhelorfedora/[an older
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comparison between the two options].
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[[what-about-packages-not-part-of-red-hat-enterprise-linux-what-is-epel]]
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What about packages not part of Red Hat Enterprise Linux? What is EPEL?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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In order to focus Red Hat's efforts and limit support costs, only a
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selected subset of packages found in Fedora are included in the
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commercially supported product line. The Fedora Project has a community
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of people maintaining add-on packages for Red Hat Enterprise Linux and
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compatible rebuilds called link:EPEL[Extra Packages for Enterprise
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Linux], or EPEL.
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[[what-is-the-release-cycle-of-red-hat-enterprise-linux]]
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What is the release cycle of Red Hat Enterprise Linux?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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There is no fixed release schedule for new releases. Red Hat Enterprise
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Linux is usually released approximately every 18 to 36 months and each
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release is http://www.redhat.com/security/updates/errata/[maintained for
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7 years] and can be
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http://www.redhat.com/rhel/server/extended_lifecycle_support/[extended]
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up to 10 years. Red Hat also offers
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http://www.press.redhat.com/2008/12/18/red-hat-increases-service-levels-and-reduces-costs-for-customers-with-extended-update-support/[extended
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update support] for customers wishing to stick to a single point release
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for a longer amount of time.
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[[what-is-the-update-policy-for-red-hat-enterprise-linux]]
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What is the update policy for Red Hat Enterprise Linux?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux updates are more conservative and generally
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focus on security and bug fixes . Hardware enablement and targeted
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enhancements are delivered via scheduled minor updates and the policy is
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described in much more detail
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https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/updates/errata/[here]
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Fedora's Updates_Policy is more liberal compared to Red Hat Enterprise
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Linux.
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[[is-red-hat-enterprise-linux-available-for-free-or-low-cost]]
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Is Red Hat Enterprise Linux available for free or low cost?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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It is a commercial product and not available for free. There is a
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evaluation version for free download at
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https://www.redhat.com/rhel/details/eval/ and a version targeted at
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developers for 99$ at
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https://www.redhat.com/apps/store/developers/rhel_developer_suite.html
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Academic editions are available at a low cost as well
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http://www.redhat.com/solutions/education/academic/
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http://www.redhat.com/solutions/education/academic/individual/
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[[is-red-hat-enterprise-linux-a-open-source-product]]
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Is Red Hat Enterprise Linux a open source product?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Yes. Binaries and updates are part of the
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http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html[commercial] subscription from
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Red Hat to its customers. The complete source code in the form of source
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RPM's is available publicly at Red Hat's
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ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/[ftp mirror], which is
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above and beyond the requirements of any of the free and open source
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licenses. Red Hat participates in the CentOS project and the sources are
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available from
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http://community.redhat.com/centos-faq/#_git_centos_org[their] site as
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well. Red Hat also provides a complementary repository containing small
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number of additional packages which are licensed from its partners under
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different licensing terms.
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[[is-it-possible-to-use-the-publicly-available-source-rpms-to-rebuild-the-distribution]]
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Is it possible to use the publicly available source RPMs to rebuild the
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distribution?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Absolutely. All the SRPMS are under free and open source licenses that
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permit this. There are several such rebuilds and derivatives of Red Hat
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Enterprise Linux available. http://centos.org[CentOS] and
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https://www.scientificlinux.org/[Scientific Linux] are popular ones.
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[[whats-the-difference-between-rebuilds-and-red-hat-enterprise-linux]]
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What's the difference between rebuilds and Red Hat Enterprise Linux ?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux is commercially supported by Red Hat, and
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offers a range of software and hardware certifications including third
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party ISV applications. Rebuilds often have a substantial
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http://lwn.net/Articles/345028/[delay in releasing updates] and
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especially for releasing rebuilds for
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https://lwn.net/Articles/435744/[major releases] of RHEL or minor point
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updates following that. Red Hat also offers other management features
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via a web service called http://rhn.redhat.com[Red Hat Network] that is
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not available to such rebuilds. Also, layered products such as Red Hat
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Application Stack, Red Hat Directory Server and Red Hat Satellite are
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only supported on top of Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscriptions. Many
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hardware, software and security certifications are only valid on Red Hat
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Enterprise Linux and not the rebuilds. Much of the technical content of
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Red Hat http://kbase.redhat.com[knowledge base] and
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http://access.redhat.com[customer support portal] is only available to
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Red Hat customers as well.
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[[whats-the-relationship-between-centos-and-red-hat]]
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What's the relationship between CentOS and Red Hat?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Red Hat has explained this in detail at
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http://community.redhat.com/centos-faq/
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[[history]]
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History
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~~~~~~~
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Red Hat first offered an enterprise Linux support subscription for Red
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Hat Linux 6.1. It was not a separate product but the subscription level
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was branded as Red Hat 6.2E. Subsequently, Red Hat started creating a
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separate product with commercial service level agreements and longer
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lifecyle based on Red Hat Linux and later on Fedora. This was initially
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called as Advanced Server and rebranded as Red Hat Enterprise Linux in
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2003. The following table gives the lineage:
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[cols=",,,",options="header",]
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|=======================================================================
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|Release |Codename |Release Date |Based on
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|Red Hat Linux 6.2E |Zoot |2000-03-27 |Red Hat Linux 6.2
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|Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 |Pensacola (AS)/ Panama (ES) |2002-03-26
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(AS) |Red Hat Linux 7.2
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|Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 |Taroon |2003-10-22 |Red Hat Linux 9
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|Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 |Nahant |2005-02-15 |Fedora Core 3
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|Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 |Tikanga |2007-03-14 |Fedora Core 6
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|Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |Santiago |2010-11-10 |Mix of Fedora 12
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Fedora 13 and several modifications
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|Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |Maipo |2014-06-10 |Primarily Fedora 19 with
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several changes from 20 and later
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|=======================================================================
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Note that while during the release, the releases of Red Hat Enterprise
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Linux have similarities to the corresponding Fedora releases, the update
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cycle is very different between these distributions and hence they
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diverge drastically over time. Rebuilds of Red Hat Enterprise Linux
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itself such as CentOS and Scientific Linux tend to mirror it quite
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closely. If you are looking for packages that are available in Fedora
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but not in Red Hat Enterprise Linux, EPEL repository is a good place to
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start with.
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* http://www.redhat.com/rhel/
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* link:Red_Hat_contributions[Red Hat contributions]
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[[articles]]
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Articles
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^^^^^^^^
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* http://www.redhat.com/magazine/019may06/features/fedora_rhel_1/
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* http://www.redhat.com/magazine/020jun06/features/fedora_rhel_2/
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* http://www.redhat.com/magazine/021jul06/features/fedora_rhel_3/
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* http://www.redhat.com/magazine/022aug06/features/fedora_rhel_4/
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'''
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See a typo, something missing or out of date, or anything else which can be
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improved? Edit this document at https://pagure.io/fedora-docs/quick-docs.
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