= APT command equivalents on Fedora with DNF

APT is the package manager/dependency solver for the Debian ecosystem, i.e. it manages `.deb` packages installed by the DPKG program. Fedora software is based on `.rpm` packages, and thus uses DNF, the package manager/dependency solver for the RPM program, instead. This document gives a brief overview of the most common APT commands one might find in tutorials and their DNF equivalents.

== APT vs. DNF commands

.Apt vs DNF commands
|===
| APT command | DNF command | notes

| `apt install`

`apt-get install`

| `dnf install`

| Of course, actual package names may vary. For example, `libc6-dev` on Debian maps to `glibc-devel` in the Fedora universe.

| `apt install --only-upgrade package`
 
| `dnf update package`
 
| Updates only already installed package and its dependencies. The `apt install` works for both install and upgrade single package if already installed.

| `apt update`

`apt-get update`

| `dnf check-update`
| This command is rarely needed, as dnf updates its package cache automatically when it is stale. A cache update can be forced by appending `--refresh` to other commands, e.g. `dnf upgrade --refresh`.

| `apt upgrade`

`apt-get upgrade`

| `dnf upgrade`
| Note that while `apt update` does something different, `dnf update` and `dnf upgrade` are synonyms. You can also use the shorter `dnf up`.

| `apt full-upgrade`

`apt-get dist-upgrade`

| `dnf distro-sync` or

`dnf system-upgrade` (see note)

| While `distro-sync` is the most direct functional equivalent, `dnf system-upgrade` should be used to upgrade from one release to another, e.g. from Fedora Linux 34 to 35. This is a multi-step process as described xref:dnf-system-upgrade.adoc[here].

| `apt remove`

`apt-get remove`

| `dnf remove`
| 

| `apt purge`

`apt-get purge`

| ---
| Fedora packages don't treat configuration files in the same way as Debian packages, so there is no direct equivalent.

| `apt autoremove`

`apt-get autoremove`

| `dnf autoremove`
| Note that this can occasionally remove packages that you might actually want. Use `dnf mark` to flag packages to keep. 

| `apt search`

`apt-cache search`

| `dnf search`
| `dnf repoquery` is useful for advanced searches.

|===

With the exceptions of the distribution upgrade working differently, and DNF updating the cache automatically, the commands are very similar. More info on DNF can be found xref:dnf.adoc[here].

== Why is APT in the Fedora repositories?

WARNING: APT *can not* be used to install packages on Fedora, you *have to use DNF* instead.

The `apt` command on Fedora used to -- until https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Move_apt_package_from_RPM_to_DPKG_backend[Fedora 32] -- actually be APT-RPM, which basically mapped normal apt commands so that they worked with Fedora's RPM package management system.

However, APT-RPM is unmaintained, broken, and insecure, and so was dropped in favour of shipping the actual Debian APT software. Since APT exclusively deals with `.deb` packages, the `apt` command can no longer be used to manage Fedora packages. Its purpose is now purely as a tool for people building packages for Debian-based distributions on a Fedora system.