From f8db38f63fe21377f892896472785d66cef83fd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Shaun Assam Date: Mon, 26 Mar 2018 23:48:17 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] Revised and formatted dnf-system-upgrade for asciidoc --- _topic_map.yml | 4 +- en-US/dnf-system-upgrade.adoc | 565 ++++++++++++++++------------------ 2 files changed, 261 insertions(+), 308 deletions(-) mode change 100644 => 100755 en-US/dnf-system-upgrade.adoc diff --git a/_topic_map.yml b/_topic_map.yml index 676f41f..1e18291 100644 --- a/_topic_map.yml +++ b/_topic_map.yml @@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ Topics: # File: debug-wayland-problems # - Name: (FIX ME!) DNF # File: dnf -# - Name: (FIX ME!) DNF system upgrade -# File: dnf-system-upgrade +- Name: DNF system upgrade + File: dnf-system-upgrade # - Name: (FIX ME!) How to edit iptables rules # File: edit-iptables-rules # - Name: (FIX ME!) How to enable touchpad click diff --git a/en-US/dnf-system-upgrade.adoc b/en-US/dnf-system-upgrade.adoc old mode 100644 new mode 100755 index e771df3..4b3f01b --- a/en-US/dnf-system-upgrade.adoc +++ b/en-US/dnf-system-upgrade.adoc @@ -1,375 +1,328 @@ -= DNF system upgrade +[[chap-dnf-system-upgrade]] += DNF System Upgrade -''' +link:++https://github.com/rpm-software-management/dnf-plugin-system-upgrade++[`dnf-plugin-system-upgrade`] is a plugin for the link:++dnf.html++[DNF] package manager and is used to upgrade your system to the current release of Fedora. +For Atomic Host, which uses rpm-ostree, you may refer to link:++https://rpm-ostree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/manual/administrator-handbook/++[Read The Docs: rpm-ostree] for details. -[IMPORTANT] -====== +This is the recommended command-line upgrade method for Fedora 21 and later and works as follows: -This page was automatically converted from https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DNF_system_upgrade +. Packages are downloaded while the system is running normally -It is probably +. The system reboots into a special environment (implemented as a systemd target) to install them -* Badly formatted -* Missing graphics and tables that do not convert well from mediawiki -* Out-of-date -* In need of other love +. Upon completion, the system reboots into the new Fedora release -Pull requests accepted at https://pagure.io/fedora-docs/quick-docs +[[sect-performing-system-upgrade]] +== Performing System Upgrade -Once you've fixed this page, remove this notice, and update -`_topic_map.yml`. +[WARNING] +==== -Once the document is live, go to the original wiki page and replace its text -with the following macro: +*Back up your data* before performing a system-wide upgrade as every system upgrade is potentially risky. +As a precaution, download the link:++https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/download/++[Fedora Workstation Live image] in the event something goes wrong. -.... -{{#fedoradocs: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/whatever-the-of-this-new-page}} -.... +==== -====== - -''' - - -[[what-is-dnf-system-upgrade]] -What is DNF system upgrade? -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -https://github.com/rpm-software-management/dnf-plugin-system-upgrade[dnf-plugin-system-upgrade] -is a plugin for the link:Dnf[dnf] package manager which handles system -upgrades. It is the recommended command line upgrade method for Fedora -21 and later (Except Atomic Host, which uses rpm-ostree; for that see -Atomic_Host_upgrade). - -[[what-does-dnf-system-upgrade-do]] -What does DNF system upgrade do? -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -DNF system upgrade can upgrade your system to a newer release of Fedora, -using a mechanism similar to that used for offline package updates. The -updated packages are downloaded while the system is running normally, -then the system reboots to a special environment (implemented as a -systemd target) to install them. Once installation of the updated -packages is complete, the system reboots again to the new Fedora -release. - -[[how-do-i-use-it]] -How do I use it? -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -1. *Back up* your important data. Every system change is potentially -risky, be prepared. In case you update your workstation, it is also wise -to download a https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/[Workstation Live -image] and make sure your hardware (graphics card, wifi, etc) works well -with the latest kernel and drivers. -2. Update your system using the standard updater for your desktop or : +. To update your Fedora release from the command-line do: + -.... -$ sudo dnf upgrade --refresh -.... +[source,bash] + +---- + +sudo dnf upgrade --refresh + +---- + -(Don't type the `$` in these commands; that just indicates that you type -this at a terminal prompt as a non-root user.) +and reboot your computer. + +. Install the dnf-plugin-system-upgrade package if it is not currently installed: + -After updating, we recommend you reboot your computer, especially if -you've just installed a new kernel. + -* Please note that there is -link:Common_F23_bugs#plymouth-theme-upgrade[an issue] if you use a -non-default plymouth boot theme. If you do, please follow the issue -description to make sure your upgrade will not be affected. -* Double check your DNF configuration in , if you have done any custom -configuration (either manually or via third-party tool), it's -recommended to revert it to default before updating and upgrading your -system. -3. Install package: +[source,bash] + +---- + +sudo dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade + +---- + +. Download the updated packages (replace N with the release version): + -.... -$ sudo dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade -.... -4. Download the updated packages: \{\{#tag:pre|$ sudo dnf -system-upgrade download --refresh --releasever=}} Change the -`--releasever=` number if you want to upgrade to a different system -release. Most people will want to upgrade to the latest stable release, -which is **, but if you're running Fedora , you might want to upgrade -just to Fedora . You can also use for upgrading to Branched or `rawhide` -for upgrading to Rawhide (warning: those are not stable releases). -* If you are upgrading to Rawhide, you will need to import the rpm gpg -key for it. This will be the highest numbered key version in . For -example if there is a Branched release that is , then you should look -for a , and if there is currently no Branched release, it will be . -\{\{#tag:pre|$ sudo rpm --import -/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora--primary}} -5. If some of your packages have unsatisfied dependencies, the upgrade -will refuse to continue until you run it again with an extra option. -This often happens with packages installed from third-party repositories -for which an updated repositories hasn't been yet published. Please -study the output very carefully and examine which packages are going to -be removed. None of them should be essential for system functionality, -but some of them might be important for your productivity. -* In case of unsatisfied dependencies, you can sometimes see more -details if you add option to the command line. -* If you want to remove/install some packages manually before running -`dnf system-upgrade download` again, it's advisable to perform those -operations with `--setopt=keepcache=1` dnf command line option. -Otherwise the whole package cache will be removed after your operation, -and you'll need to download all the packages once again. -6. Trigger the upgrade process: +[source,bash] + +---- + +sudo dnf system-upgrade download --refresh --releasever=N + +---- + +. Trigger the upgrade process. This will restart your machine into the upgrade process: + -.... - $ sudo dnf system-upgrade reboot -.... -+ -This will reboot your machine immediately. The system should boot again -into Fedora using the same kernel, but this time, the upgrade process -appears on the boot screen. -7. Wait for the upgrade process to complete. +[source,bash] -[[frequently-asked-questions]] -Frequently Asked Questions -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +---- -[[how-do-i-report-issues-that-i-find-with-upgrades]] -How do I report issues that I find with upgrades? -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +sudo dnf system-upgrade reboot -First see link:Common_F{{FedoraVersionNumber}}_bugs[Common -F\{\{FedoraVersionNumber}} bugs] or -link:Common_F{{FedoraVersionNumber[next}} bugs] to check if the problem -is a very prominent issue we already know of. If it is not there, -https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?product=Fedora&component=dnf-plugin-system-upgrade&resolution=---[search -for an existing bug report]. If you do not see a report that matches -your symptoms, you can file a new report from the search page. Please -follow the bug reporting instructions mentioned in -https://github.com/rpm-software-management/dnf-plugin-system-upgrade[this -README] and in `man dnf.plugin.system-upgrade`. +---- -If you hit issues after upgrade with a specific package, file a bug -against the package with which you are having issues. +. Once the upgrade process to complete, your system will reboot into the updated release version of Fedora. -[[does-dnf-system-upgrade-verify-the-software-it-runs-or-installs-during-upgrade]] -Does DNF system upgrade verify the software it runs or installs during -upgrade? -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +[[sect-optional-post-upgrade-tasks]] +== Optional Post-Upgrade Tasks -Yes. The package signing keys for newer Fedora releases are sent to -older Fedora releases in order to allow DNF to verify the integrity of -the packages it downloads. You can disable this function with the -parameter if you need to do so for any reason (not recommended, you're -then opened to attacks from malicious software). +These are some of the tasks you can do after a successful upgrade. -[[will-packages-in-third-party-repositories-be-upgraded]] -Will packages in third party repositories be upgraded? -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +[NOTE] -Yes, if they are set up like regular DNF repositories and do not hard -code the repository path. Commonly-used third party repositories usually -work fine, but if you attempt to upgrade prior to or soon after an -official Fedora release, they may not have updated their repository -paths yet, and DNF may be unable to find their packages. This will -usually not prevent the upgrade running successfully, though, and you -can update the packages from the third-party repository later. +==== -[[can-i-upgrade-from-an-end-of-life-release]] -Can I upgrade from an link:End_of_life[End of life] release? -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +This section is mainly intended for power users. If you are a general user who doesn't use the terminal daily, you may skip this section. -Note that Fedora strongly recommends against ever running an end-of-life -release on any production system, or any system connected to the public -internet, in any circumstances. You should never allow a production -Fedora deployment to reach end-of-life in the first place. +==== -With that in mind, if you do have an end-of-life release newer than -Fedora 20 installed on a system you cannot just discard or re-deploy, -you can attempt to upgrade it, though this is a less-tested and -less-supported operation. You can try to upgrade through intermediate -releases until you reach a currently-supported release, or try to -upgrade to a currently-supported release in a single operation. It is -not possible to state with certainty which approach is more likely to be -successful. +[[sect-update-system-configuration-files]] +=== Update System Configuration Files -If you attempt to upgrade across more than two releases in one -operation, please also read the link:#multi[next answer]. +Most configuration files are stored in the `/etc` folder. +If you have changed the package's configuration files, RPM creates new files with either `.rpmnew` (the new default config file), or `.rpmsave` (your old config file backed up). +You can search for these files, or use the `rpmconf` tool that simplifies this process. To install rpmconf, enter: -If you have Fedora 20 or earlier installed, you cannot upgrade with DNF -system upgrade alone. You must upgrade at least part of the way -link:Upgrading_Fedora_using_package_manager[using bare or ]. You can -either upgrade to Fedora 21 that way and then upgrade the rest of the -way using DNF system upgrade, or you can attempt the entire upgrade -using bare or . Note this method is in itself not an officially -recommended upgrade mechanism. To be frank, any upgrade from Fedora 20 -or earlier is very much done 'at your own risk'. +[source,bash] -[[how-many-releases-can-i-upgrade-across-at-once]] -How many releases can I upgrade across at once? -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +---- -The most common scenario is an upgrade across just one release (e.g. to -). However, for the first month or so after a new release comes out, -upgrades from the last-but-one release to that release are 'supported', -in the sense that we include this scenario in the -link:Fedora_Release_Criteria[Fedora Release Criteria], test it for at -least clean installs of supported package sets, and will treat bugs -discovered in such upgrades as significant. The -link:Fedora_Release_Life_Cycle[Fedora Release Life Cycle] is -specifically designed to provide this approximate one month 'grace -period' so you can choose to upgrade long-lived systems only once every -two releases, rather than having to do it every release. +dnf install rpmconf -Around a month after the new release comes out, the last-but-one release -goes link:End_of_life[End of life], at which point the -link:#eol[previous question] applies. Still, that upgrade is still -pretty likely to work successfully for some time after the release goes -end-of-life. +---- -Upgrades across more than two releases are not 'supported', and issues -encountered in such upgrades may not be considered significant bugs. -Note that any upgrade across more than two releases must by definition -be an upgrade from an end-of-life release, and so the link:#eol[previous -question] applies here too. +Once the install is complete enter: -When upgrading across multiple releases, you may find you need to -link:Upgrading_Fedora_using_package_manager#packagekey[import the target -release package signing key manually]. Fedora releases usually only have -the package signing keys for the next two releases installed (because -they go end-of-life before the N+3 release is branched). Before Fedora -22, it was not consistently the case that every release had keys for the -next two releases, either. If dnf complains about a missing key, this is -what you must do. +[source,bash] -[[can-i-use-dnf-system-upgrade-to-upgrade-to-a-pre-release-e.g.-a-beta]] -Can I use DNF system upgrade to upgrade to a pre-release (e.g. a Beta)? -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +---- -Yes. It should always be possible to attempt such an upgrade. Of course, -this function is as subject to temporary breakage as is any other aspect -of a pre-release, and generally speaking, the earlier the release in -question, the less likely it is to work without problems. +sudo rpmconf -a -[[optional-post-upgrade-tasks]] -Optional post-upgrade tasks -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +---- -These are tasks you can do after a successful upgrade. *They are mostly -intended for power users. If you are a general user who doesn't use -terminal daily, you don't need to worry about this.* +For more information you can refer to the man pages (`man rpmconf`). -[[update-system-configuration-files]] -Update system configuration files -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +[[sect-clean-up-old-packages]] +=== Clean-Up Old Packages -Most configuration files are stored in `/etc`. If there are any updates -to them and you touched some of those files before, RPM creates new -files with either `.rpmnew` suffix (the new default config file), or -`.rpmsave` suffix (your old config file backed up). You can search for -these files, go through the changes and make sure your custom changes -are still included and the new defaults are applied as well. A tool that -tried to simplify this is . Install the package, and then use it as: +You can see a list of packages with broken dependencies by typing: -`$ sudo rpmconf -a` +[source,bash] -See more information in its manual page. +---- -[[clean-up-old-packages]] -Clean up old packages -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +sudo dnf repoquery --unsatisfied -You can see list of packages with broken dependencies like this: +---- -`$ sudo dnf repoquery --unsatisfied` +The list should be empty, but if this is not the case consider removing them as they are not likely to work. -Ideally there should be none. If there are some, consider removing them, -because they are not likely to work properly anyway. +You can see duplicate packages (packages with multiple versions installed) with: -You can see duplicated packages (packages with multiple versions -installed) like this: +[source,bash] -`$ sudo dnf repoquery --duplicated` +---- -For ordinary packages, just the latest version should be installed. But -there can be exceptions to the rule, only remove what you are sure you -no longer need. +sudo dnf repoquery --duplicated -Some packages might stay on your system while they have been removed -from the repositories. See them using: +---- -`$ sudo dnf list extras` +For packages from the official repositories, the latest version should be installed. +However, some packages that are still on your system may no longer be in the repositories. +To see a list of these packages do: -If you don't use these, you can consider removing them: -`dnf remove $(dnf repoquery --extras --exclude=kernel,kernel-\*)`. -Please note that this list is only valid if you have a fully updated -system. Otherwise you'll see all installed packages which are no longer -in the repositories, because there is a newer update available. So -before acting on these, make sure you have run `sudo dnf update` and -generate the list of extra packages again. Also, this list might contain -packages installed from third-party repositories for which an updated -repository hasn't been published yet. This often involves e.g. RPM -Fusion or Dropbox. +[source,bash] -You can remove no-longer-needed packages using: +---- -`$ sudo dnf autoremove` +sudo dnf list extras -but *beware* that dnf decides that a package is no longer needed if you -haven't explicitly asked to install it and nothing else requires it. -That doesn't mean that package is not useful or that you don't use it. -*Only remove what you are certain you don't need*. There's a known bug -in PackageKit which doesn't mark packages as user-installed, see -https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1259865[bug 1259865]. If you -use PackageKit (or GNOME Software, Apper, etc) for installation, this -output might list even important apps and system packages, so beware. +---- -[[resolving-post-upgrade-issues]] -Resolving post-upgrade issues -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +If you see a package you do not need, or use, you can remove it with: -*Only follow up these steps if you have troubles with your upgraded -system. It should not be needed in the vast majority of upgrades.* +[source,bash] -[[rebuilding-rpm-database]] -Rebuilding RPM database -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +---- -If you see warnings when working with RPM/DNF tools, your database might -have gotten corrupted for some reason. It is possible to rebuild it and -see if resolves your issues. Always back up `/var/lib/rpm/` first. To -rebuild the database, run: +sudo dnf remove $(dnf repoquery --extras --exclude=kernel,kernel-\*) -`$ sudo rpm --rebuilddb` +---- -[[using-distro-sync-to-resolve-dependency-issues]] -Using distro-sync to resolve dependency issues -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +[NOTE] -The system upgrade tool uses distro-sync method by default. If your -system stayed partly unupgraded or you see some package dependency -issues, you might try to fix it by running another distro-sync manually. -This tries to make your installed packages exactly the same version as -in currently enabled repositories, even if it meant downgrading some -packages: +==== -`$ sudo dnf distro-sync` +Run `sudo dnf update` first, as this list is only valid if you have a fully updated system. +Otherwise, you will see a list of installed packages that are no longer in the repositories because an update is available. +This list may also contain packages installed from third-party repositories who may not have updated their repositories. -A stronger variant also allows to remove package for which package -dependencies can't be satisfied. Always carefully review which packages -are going to be removed before confirming this: +==== -`$ sudo dnf distro-sync --allowerasing` +You can safely remove packages no longer in use with: -[[relabel-files-with-latest-selinux-policy]] -Relabel files with latest SELinux policy -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +[source,bash] -If you see warnings that some actions were not allowed because of -current SELinux policy, it might be a case of having some files -incorrectly label with SELinux permissions. This might happen in case of -some bug or if you had SELinux disabled in some point of time in the -past. You can relabel the whole system by running: +---- -`$ sudo touch /.autorelabel` +sudo dnf autoremove -and rebooting. The next boot will take a long time and will check and -fix all SELinux labels on all your files. -''' +---- -See a typo, something missing or out of date, or anything else which can be -improved? Edit this document at https://pagure.io/fedora-docs/quick-docs. +[WARNING] + +==== + +DNF decides that a package is no longer needed if you haven't explicitly asked to install it and nothing else requires it. +However, that doesn't mean that the package is not useful or that you don't use it. +*Only remove what you are sure you don't need*. + +==== + +[[sect-resolving-post-upgrade-issues]] +== Resolving Post-Upgrade Issues + +[NOTE] + +==== + +Only follow these steps if you encounter problems with your upgraded system. + +==== + +[[sect-rebuilding-rpm-database]] +=== Rebuilding the RPM Database + +If you see warnings when working with RPM/DNF tools, your database might be corrupt. +It is possible to rebuild it to see if resolves your issues. Always back up `/var/lib/rpm/` first. +To rebuild the database, run: + +[source,bash] + +---- + +sudo rpm --rebuilddb + +---- + +[[sect-using-distro-sync-to-resolve-dependency-issues]] +=== Using distro-sync To Resolve Dependency Issues + +The system upgrade tool uses `dnf distro-sync` by default. +If your system is partly upgraded or you see some package dependency issues, try running another distro-sync manually to see if this fixes the problem. +This will attempt to make your installed packages the same version in your currently enabled repositories, even if it must downgrade some packages: + +[source,bash] + +---- + +sudo dnf distro-sync + +---- + +You can also use the `--allowerasing` option will remove packages with dependencies that can not be satisfied. +Always review which packages will be removed before confirming this: + +[source,bash] + +---- + +sudo dnf distro-sync --allowerasing + +---- + +[[sect-relabel-files-with-the-latest-selinux-policy]] +=== Relabel Files With The Latest SELinux Policy + +If you encounter any warnings regarding policies with SELinux, some files may have incorrect SELinux permissions. +This may happen if SELinux was disabled at some point in the past. +To relabel the entire system run: + +[source,bash] + +---- + +sudo touch /.autorelabel + +---- + +and reboot. + +The boot process may take a long time as it is checking and fixing all SELinux permission labels on all the files in your system. + +[[sect-frequently-asked-questions]] +== Frequently Asked Questions + +[[sect-how-do-i-report-issues-with-the-upgrades]] +=== How Do I Report Issues With The Upgrade? + +. See link:++https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/Common++[Common bugs] to check if it is a known problem the community is already aware of. + +. Search link:++https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?product=Fedora&component=dnf-plugin-system-upgrade&resolution=---++[Bugzilla for an existing bug report]. + +If you do not see a report that matches your symptoms, you can file a new report from the search page. +Please follow the bug reporting instructions mentioned in the link:++https://github.com/rpm-software-management/dnf-plugin-system-upgrade/blob/master/README.md++[README from the github repo] or in `man dnf.plugin.system-upgrade`. + +If you encounter any issues after the upgrade with a specific package, file a bug against the package with which you are having issues. + +[[sect-does-dnf-system-upgrade-verify-the-software-it-runs-or-installs-during-an-upgrade]] +=== Does DNF System Upgrade Verify The Software It Runs or Installs During An Upgrade? + +Yes. +The package signing keys for the newer Fedora release are sent to older Fedora releases to allow DNF to verify the integrity of the downloaded packages. +You can disable this function if needed, but is not recommended as you will be open to attacks from malicious software. + +[[sect-will-packages-in-third-party-repositories-be-upgraded]] +=== Will Packages In Third-Party Repositories Be Upgraded? + +Yes, if they are configured like regular DNF repositories and the version numbers are not hard-coded in the repository file (usually found in `/etc/yum.repos.d/`.) +Commonly used third-party repositories like RPM Fusion should work. +However, if attempting to upgrade prior to, or soon after, an official Fedora release, they may not have updated their repository paths, and DNF may be unable to find their packages. +Usually, this should not prevent the upgrade from running successfully. +Also, you can update packages from the third-party repository later. + +[[sect-can-i-upgrade-from-an-end-of-life-release]] +=== Can I upgrade from an End-Of-Life (EOL) Release? + +It is strongly recommended to upgrade an EOL release on any production system, or any system connected to the public internet. + +Any upgrade from Fedora 20 or earlier is done *at your own risk* as DNF was not the default package management tool. +However, if you do have a release newer than Fedora 20 that is EOL, you can attempt to do an upgrade, but this method is *not supported*. +You may try to upgrade through intermediate releases until you reach a currently-supported release, or try to upgrade to a currently-supported release in a single operation. +Again this is un-supported and is *at your own risk*. + +[[sect-how-many-releases-can-i-upgrade-across-at-once]] +=== Can I do a single upgrade across many releases (i.e. 20-27)? + +It is highly recommended to upgrade across just one release (e.g. 27 to 28). +However, for the first month or so after a new release, upgrades from the last-but-one release are 'supported' (N-2, where N is the current release). +The link:fedora-life-cycle.html++[Fedora Release Life Cycle] is specifically designed to provide this approximate one month "grace period" to allow users the choice to upgrade their systems on a yearly basis, or once every two releases. + +Around a month after the new release comes out, the last-but-one release becomes End Of Life (EOL). +The upgrade is likely to work successfully after the release goes end-of-life, but the time period after the new release may be uncertain. + +Upgrades across more than two releases are *not supported*, and issues encountered with such upgrades may not be considered significant bugs. + +When upgrading across multiple releases, you may need to import the GPG key for the release you want to update to. You can do this with: + +[source,bash] + +---- + +gpg --quiet --with-fingerprint /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-N-primary + +---- + +(where N is the Fedora version.) + +Refer to the link:++https://getfedora.org/keys/faq/++[getfedora.org FAQ on Keys] for details. + +[[sect-can-i-use-dnf-system-upgrade-to-upgrade-to-a-pre-release]] +=== Can I Use DNF System Upgrade To Upgrade To A Pre-Release (e.g. a Beta)? + +Yes, but this is subject to temporary breakage as with any other aspect of a pre-release. \ No newline at end of file